The changing of the seasons brings dramatic temperature shifts—a reality that can pose serious risks for our elderly loved ones. It’s important for you to be aware of which temperature ranges are considered “dangerous,” plus a few preventive measures to keep them safe.
When is it Too Hot?
Generally speaking, temperatures above 90°F (32°C) are considered dangerous for the elderly, especially when accompanied by high humidity levels.
One of the primary mechanisms the body uses to cool itself is sweating. However, as we grow older, sweat glands don’t produce as much as they once did. This impairs the body’s primary means of dissipating excess heat, leaving our loved ones more prone to overheating.
On top of that, the blood vessels in the skin—which dilate to allow more blood flow and facilitate cooling—become less reactive. This reduced vascular response makes it more challenging for the body to redistribute heat effectively.
Common medications, such as diuretics, beta-blockers, and antidepressants, further compromise the body’s temperature control mechanisms. They interfere with the regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, and fluid balance, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses like heat exhaustion and heatstroke.
When is it Too Cold?
On the other end of the spectrum, temperatures below 45°F (7°C) can also pose a risk to the elderly.
As we age, our bodies become less efficient at generating and retaining heat, making our loved ones more susceptible to hypothermia and frostbite. The body’s natural insulation, which includes fat deposits and muscle mass, gradually diminishes over time. This makes it increasingly difficult for seniors to maintain their core body temperature in the face of cold exposure.
Even slightly chilly weather can be enough to trigger shivering, which strains the cardiovascular system and depletes precious energy reserves. Chronic conditions like heart disease, lung disease, and Parkinson’s disease can even further impact the body’s response to cold weather. These health issues can impair circulation, respiratory function, and overall energy levels, leaving seniors more vulnerable to cold-related injuries.
Caregiver Tips for Hot Weather
- Encourage Hydration: Older adults experience a diminished thirst response, which is why we need to remind them to drink water regularly—even if they “don’t feel thirsty.”
- Help them Cool Down: On hot days, seniors should have fans or air-conditioned spaces nearby to cool off.
- Dress for the Heat: Lightweight, loose-fitting, and breathable clothing can help our loved ones stay cool and comfortable.
- Monitor Medications: Some medications, such as diuretics, beta-blockers, and antidepressants, can impair the body’s ability to regulate temperature. Consult with your healthcare and adjust dosages if necessary.
- Limit Outdoor Activity: Limit time outdoors during the hottest parts of the day (between 10 am and 4 pm.) If they must venture out, it’s recommended that they take breaks to allow their bodies to cool down.
- Recognize Heat-related Illness: Be on the lookout for signs of heat exhaustion, such as excessive sweating, fatigue, dizziness, and nausea. Seek immediate medical attention if these symptoms arise.
Caregiver Tips for Cold Weather
- Insist on Proper Attire: Dressing in layers, covering exposed skin, and wearing warm fabrics can help seniors retain their body heat. Hats, gloves, and thick socks are an easy way to protect their extremities.
- Maintain Indoor Temperatures: Use space heaters, if necessary, to maintain a comfortable and consistent temperature.
- Encourage Movement: Light exercise, like walking, can help boost circulation and generate warmth.
- Provide Warm Beverages: Offer your loved ones warm drinks, such as herbal tea, hot chocolate, or hot soups to help maintain their core body temperature.
- Be Aware of Cold-related Illnesses: Monitor for signs of hypothermia, including uncontrollable shivering, slurred speech, and confusion.
As you work to protect your loved ones from the dangers of extreme temperatures, remember that you don’t have to go it alone. Lutheran Senior Services’ Aging Answers is a valuable, free resource staffed by Elder Care Specialists who are trained to assist older adults facing a wide range of age-related challenges. Seniors 60 and older (50+ with a disability) as well as their caregivers can call to receive personalized guidance on care options, financial concerns, and help navigating major life transitions. You’ll find the support needed to help your senior loved ones weather any storm, no matter the temperature.